(3)   The redshift

Suppose subscript  “1”  represent  “2”  represent the place of emitting photon and subscript “2”  represent the place of receiving photon. Thus redshift is defined as

Z>0  is the redshift,  Z<0  the blueshift.

        1)  Velocity redshift

       The velocity redshift is Doppler effect due to the velocity  V  between celestial bodies, we know that

                                                (11)

and relativistic correction term of the  Z_v  is

        2)  Repulsion redshift

       Just as gravitation have an effect on light so repulsion have spectrum arise frequency shift. According to the law of conservation of energy we have

here

 ,       ,       

we obtain

                                 (12)

       3) Total redshift

                               (13)

        4) Maximum apparent redshift

       When  Z_v=1  total redshift is    

Z_max=1.5 + Z_e

the maximum of redshift will have been determined by observation. If we can’t find a greater redshift than some value, then this value that is  Z_max. The last selection of cosmic parameter depend on  Z_max.

to agreat extent.